machine language and assembly language ppt

language Programming. 이 지 행. ruby. Which Study Material Prefered For JRF EXAM, Diseases of Ornamental fishes and their control, HACCP (Hazard analysis criticle control point), Feed Production & Feeding strategy for farmers, No public clipboards found for this slide, Features of machine language, assembly language, high level language & their advantages & disadvantages. X86 and x64 processors have a different code of assembly language for performing the same tasks. CS0004: Introduction to Programming - . 嵌入式系統架構軟體設計 ---using arm day #3,#4,#5 modules outline. – Assembly language is a symbolic representation of machine code. tutorial on assembly language, or even close to it. In other words, address register points to the memory location used. The assembly language instructions of Intel Pentium and MIPS are completely different. Machine Language (in Hex) FF060A00 C7060C002D00 80260E0080 83060F000A In practice, assembly languages are coupled with the underlying machine language and hardware. One-to-one correspondence between assembly language and machine language instructions ¾For most assembly language instructions, there is a machine language equivalent Directly influenced by the instruction set and architecture of the processor (CPU) It is written in binary code or machine code, which means it basically comprises of only two digits – 1 and 0. After move, d3 = $1234ABCD $AB $CD. Assembly code is more readable than machine code and provides a more robust way to generate correct ... Microsoft PowerPoint - Assembly Language Programming Basics.ppt Author: Owner fall 2013. questions answered by this chapter. goals for this lecture. the basic element of an assembly, Computer Organization X86 Assembly Language Mohammad Sharaf - . Machine Language Scenarist : Qasımzadə Elgün Group :682.18E Generation of Programming Language FIRST GENERATION OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE The first generation of programming language, or 1GL, is machine language. ?010A move d0, X+4(a0), Example for Mode 5 (with displacement) a1 The sub-program can be better written as 0000 1000 0000 0020 Offset (displacement) as a constant Offset (displacement in the address register a1 Register a1 is used as the reference point, Another Example for Mode 5 Figure 2.14 from Hamacher book Figure 2.15 from Hamacher textbook Example of using both, Offset as a Constant and Offset in the register Student 1 Test1 Test2 Test3 Student 2 Test1 Test2 Test3 ….. Student nTest1 Test2 Test3 SUM1 SUM2 SUM3 Offset as a constant Offset in a register, © 2020 SlideServe | Powered By DigitalOfficePro, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - E N D - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -. this chapter provides :- 1 / an overview of theories of first, Language and Linguistics - . Assembly language programming is w riting machine instructions in mnemonic form, using an assembler to convert these mnemonics into actual processor instructions and associated data. Machine language a program that consists of 0s and 1’s. Negative displacement Example Since displacement can be negative as represented in 2’s complement form move d3, $FFFC(a0) If a0 = 0000 0008 EA = 0000 0008 (a0) + FFFF FFFC (sign-extended displ) 0000 0004 Therefore, according to the instruction, low-order word of d3 moves to memory location $000004 a0 and d3 remain unchanged. College of Fishery Science, Jabalpur www.nand2tetris.org. It cannot be easily understood by humans. For information on assembling and linking an assembly language program, see the MIPS RISCompiler and C Programmer’s Guide. Lesson 1 Language is a type of behaviour ( behavior USA) Language is a state of mind Language is communicati - On. Skill Area 311 Part B Lecture Overview Assembly Code Assembler Format of Assembly Code Advantages Assembly Code Disadvantages Assembly Code High-Level Language Types ... – A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as a Flash slide show) on PowerShow.com - id: 53a7c6-NjkzZ A machine language instruction has two parts. What I want to do is get you familiar enough with the jargon and the assumptions of assembly language so that you can pick up your typical "introduction" to assembly language and not get lost by page 6. but first!. The result of multiplication of two word length data is a longword, the data (-3) is sign-extended to $FFFF FFFD in a working register, before being multiplied by $0006. Features of machine language, assembly introduction. Technology ... • All digital computers execute a low-level machine code. Definition of assembly language: A low-level programming language which uses symbols and lack variables and functions and which work directly with CPU. The language was first developed to interact with the first generation computers. 9. Sometimes referred to as machine code or object code, machine language is a collection of binary digits or bits that the computer reads and interprets. “ there’s no water. machine language. Formal Language - . 嵌入式系统架构软体设计 - . The assembly language instructions of Intel Pentium and MIPS are completely different. what is ‘c’ programming language ?. PPT – Interpreters, compilers and assembly language PowerPoint presentation | free to view - id: 97156-MTI2Y The Adobe Flash plugin is needed to view this content Get the plugin now when and how to use formal or informal language amanda wieland. this section of the course is about language ... the vehicle for holding and transmitting, Assemblers and Linkers - . Assembly Language inc mov and add result class_size,45 mask,128 marks,10. CPU can work on machine language directly. Writing a program in machine language or assembly language is like MACHINE LANGUAGE In this section we will dealing with the machine language of 360 machine. d1 (source reg) remains unchanged d2 (destination reg) changes to the result value, Instruction Format Another Multiplication Example: muls d3,d0 d3 is source register, and d0 is destination register By Default: instruction operations are on least significant word, therefore the two data are $0073 and $0295. review. This book describes the assembly language supported by the RISCompiler system, its syntax rules, and how to write assembly programs. Get powerful tools for managing your contents. A program called an ‘assembler’ is required to convert the program into machine language. Instruction Format Reminder: Instruction Interpreter interprets the type of operation, nature of operands (data or address), and mode (memory or register). C and Assembly This is a quick introduction to working with x86 assembly. So the low level assembly language is designed for a specific family of processors that represents various instructions in symbolic code and a more understandable form. abstract design. Machine Language. learning assembly language programming will help understanding the operations of the, Ruby Language 입문 및 소개 - . Example 7D25 Low-level language It deals directly with the internal structure of the CPU. Advantages of Assembly Language An understanding of assembly language provides knowledge of: If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. This is one of the most basic low level languages. problem solving and programming tools. Memory-to-memory instruction move displ(ai), displ(aj) Here both source and destination have Mode 5. move 164(a0), 6(a1) M[a1 + 6]  M[a0 + $A4], Addressing Modes The addressing modes that we have seen until now are: Mode 0: Data Register Direct addressing Example: move d0, d1 Data size may be byte, word, or longword Mode 1: Address Register Direct Addressing Example: move a0, a1 Because address register specified, valid sizes are word, or longword Mode 2: Address Register Indirect Addressing Example: move d0, (a1) Mode 5: Address Register Indirect Addressing with Displacement Example: move d0, $A(a1) Displacement size is always a word and sign-extended, Micro-instructions for move d3, 2(a0) MAR  PC PC MBR  M[MAR] IR  MBR PC  PC + 2 PC points to displacement Decode MBR  M[MAR] Displacement loaded MAR  A0 + MBR Effective Address calculated MBR  D3 Source data moved to memory location given by Effective Address [MAR]  MBR PC  PC + 2 PC points to next instr. Assembly language is coded differently for every type of processor. The assembly language comes above the machine language means that it has less abstraction level from the hardware. Each assembly instruction represents a single machine instruction which means that it is fairly easy to translate a program written in assembly language to machine code. Machine Language Assembly Language High-level Languages Time to execute Since it is the basic language of the computer, it does not require any translation, and hence ensures better machine efficiency. Computer Science Dept Va Tech September 2006 ©2006 McQuain & Ribbens MIPS Intro Computer Organization 2 stopping a program. 2006. language & culture. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. In the following lectures, we will learn: How instructions are represented and decoded Introduction to different types of Addressing Modes Most commonly used assembly instructions Writing simple assembly language programs, Machine Language and Assembly Language • In the following lectures, we will learn: • How instructions are represented and decoded • Introduction to different types of Addressing Modes • Most commonly used assembly instructions • Writing simple assembly language programs • Hand assembly – process of converting assembly language program to machine language • Other assembly instructions such as Logical instructions. Machine Language and Assembly Language. Assembly language instructions for a hypothetical machine (not MIPS) Load x, r1 Load y, r2 Load z, r0 Add r3, r1, r2 Sub r0, r3, r0 Store r0, a Each processor has a different set of registers, and different assembly language instructions. Let the destination be a memory location, and the source be a data register. 122 najd. Programmers must know all details of the CPU. We will not be using 0’s and 1’s or hexadecimal, rather we will be using mnemonics for writing machine level programs. Such languages are abbreviated as ‘asm’ and there is usually a very close link between the language and the machine code instructions of the architecture. Introduction to LC-3 Assembly Language - . Instead, an address register (requires 3 bits to be specified), which contains the EA is used. This is the second generation programming language. review. We can program directly in binary, in “machine language”, which is fun for those of us who are slightly crazy. now, Simple Assembly Language program We want to add two 16-bit numbers in memory locations provided consecutively (that is locations X and X+2). BASIC, PASCAL,C++,C,JAVA, etc. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. ‘c’ is a general purpose, Assembly language programming - . Assembly languages have the same structure and set of commands as machine languages, but they enable a programmer to use names instead of numbers.. Each type of CPU has its own machine language and assembly … Assembly language instructions for a hypothetical machine (not MIPS) Load x, r1 Load y, r2 Load z, r0 Add r3, r1, r2 Sub r0, r3, r0 Store r0, a Each processor has a different set of registers, and different assembly language instructions. ENG3640 Microcomputer Interfacing - . However machine language is too obscure and complex for using in software development. by the end of this session you will be able to: The Relationship of language & culture - . Machine (Assembly) Language - . Information & Communication You can change your ad preferences anytime. AS English Language - . introduction assembly language machine language programming addressing modes lights, camera. Assembly language is an ideal language to program microcontroller … NDVSU, Jabalpur (M.P.) The assembler converts assembly language statements into machine code. It is the only language which a computer understands without using a translation program. The machine-level language is written in binary digits, i.e., 0 and 1. each line of a program is one of the following: LANGUAGE PLANNING - . Assembly language Register 4 11 IR Register 3 10 PC Register 2 01 BX Register 1 00 AX Register 2-bit binary label Mnemonic Name It is easy to read, write, and maintain. Assembly language was developed to overcome some of the many inconveniences of machine language. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. I specifically recommend Tom Swan's excellent book, Mastering Turbo Assembler, which will take language and the mind prof. r. hickey ss, Fall 2013 - Chapter 6: conditional processing. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Overall it interprets the mode of addressing. 8051 assembly. Machine language serves as a machine code only. Chapter 6 :: Topics - . Assembly language has the same commands as machine language but … An handouts + ibm pc assembly language & programming, Introducing the ‘c’ Programming language - . definitions, models, and examples. machine-language commands (called “opcodes”). Save the result in X+4. 1. Some programs really are developed at this low level, but the program-mers use “assembly language”, which lets them use names rather than numbers, and helps in other ways as well. Therefore, Effective Address (EA), which is the address of memory location to be accessed, is not specified in the instruction. In Definition Assembly or assembler languages are low level programming languages intended for a computer or any other device which is programmable. Language as an innate phenomenon; language and psychology; behaviourism - . The instruction in machine language would look something like below: If addresses are explicitly defined as part of the machine language, the instruction becomes too long (2 words instead of 1 word), and accessing the instruction would require more memory accesses. We need to first move the data in location X to a data register, say d1 The instruction is therefore of the format move displ(aj), di Now, for us the EA = X Therefore, displ + aj = X  If displ = X, then aj = 0 Therefore, our instruction will be move X(a0), d0 with a0 initialized to 0. movea.l #$0, a0 ; a0 initialized to 0, a0 = 0000 0000 move X(a0), d0 ; d0 = ???? Assembly Language.ppt - Computer Systems Introduction to Computer Architecture and Assembly Language Computer Architecture \u2022 Many different. Programming in assembly language requires one to understand the instruction set architecture of the processor. engb1b language and technology. In assembly language, mnemonics are used to specify an opcode that represents a complete and operational machine language instruction. Topic: Instruction Format Another Example: Instruction muls d1,d2 encodes into C5C1 in Hex Here opcode is 1100, which stands for a multiplication 010 stands for destination register used is d2 111 indicates destination register used is always data register 000 001 indicates source mode is 000 (mode 0), and source register used is d1. first language acquisition. Assembly language is one step ahead of machine language. Writing programs in assembly language, although easier than using machine code, is still tedious and takes a long time. machine, Informal vs. DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT. Assembly language code is translated into machine language by an assembler. help you to learn about: the assembly process ia-32 machine language. Machine language is a set of instructions and data that a computer's central processing unit can execute directly. definitions of lp. Example: if memory location $0ABCD6 needs to be accessed, then an address register, say a0, should contain $000ABCD6 Now, if we want to access memory location $0ABCD8, we just need to add 2 to a0, and it will point to this new location, Instruction: using Effective Address 8 bits 000000 000001 000002 0ABCD6 0ABCD7 Example: move instruction From Register to Memory location – Mode 2 move d2, (a0) ( ) brackets specify the operand is a memory location Here, EA = [a0], the contents of a0 Suppose a0 = $000ABCD6 (32-bit register) and d2 = $12345678 (32-bit register) The above instruction specifies that the least significant word (lsw) of d2, that is $5678, is moved (copied) to the memory address specified by a0 $56 $78, Another Example: move instruction with displacementMode 5 8 bits 000000 000001 000002 00000C 00000D From Memory location to Register move displ(aj), di move $4(a0), d3 Equivalent Machine instruction is therefore Here, EA = [a0] + sign-ext displacement • sign-extend displacement to 32-bits • Add to the 32-bit contents of a0 • The low-order 24 bits represent the EA Suppose a0 = $0000 0008 (32-bit register) Sign-extended displacement = $0000 0004 Then Effective Address = $0000 000C (consider lower 24-bits) Assume initially d3 = $12345678 (32-bit register) The above instruction moves (copies) the contents of the memory address specified by EA to register d3. This is later translated by the assembler to generate the object code. assembly language programming. 1990 년대 일본인 yukihiro matsumoto (a.k.a matz) 에. Assembly languages are used for real-time systems and microprocessor-based applications/ devices. language, high level language & their 0106 add d1, d0 ; d0 = ??? The result of multiplication of two word length data is a longword. Machine language is the only language a computer is capable of understanding. The difference between machine language and assembly language is that machine language is directly executed by a computer and assembly language is a low-level programming language which requires an assembler to convert to object code or machine code. lc-3 assembly language syntax. Machine Language Machine Language is the language written as strings of binary 1`s and 0`s. week #3 assembly language design and structure. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. For example, the mnemonic MOV is used in assembly language for copying and moving data between registers and memory locations. By Default: instruction operations are on least significant word, therefore the two data are FFFD and 0006. This means the programs run faster. you, First Language Acquisition - . A processor understands only machine language instructions, which are strings of 1's and 0's. The main difference between machine and assembly language is Machine languages are platform-dependent, and their features vary accordingly. 3 Assembly language • machine language - difficult to read, write or understand • better way => assembly language (be a human-readable) • Assign (mnemonic) names to each opcode and each register. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. how can i use the boolean. “FEES” Create stunning presentation online in just 3 steps. advantages & disadvantages. topics. Therefore, the memory addresses are 24 bits long. a short. The figure shows a load instruction as a series of 0’s and 1’s that can be easily represented in the mnemonic code as L 2, 924(0,1). In the following lectures, we will learn: How instructions are represented and decoded Introduction to different types of Addressing Modes Most commonly used assembly instructions Writing simple assembly language programs Slideshow 7065226 by raja-mcgee • Machine language and Assembly language are both –Microprocessor specific (Machine dependent) so they are called –Low-level languages • Machine independent languages are called –High-level languages –For e.g. Example MOV R5,#25H 8051 assembly language High-level language Machine independent Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. However, machine language is too obscure and complex for using in software development. (Contd) Readability of assembly language instructions is much better than the machine language instructions Machine language instructions are a sequence of 1s and 0s. Assembly language comprises of standard instruction sets. Basic Concepts Computer Organization and Assembly Language slide 6/43 Assembly and Machine Language Machine language Native to a processor: executed directly by hardware Instructions consist of binary code: 1s and 0s Assembly language A programming language that uses symbolic names to represent operations, registers and memory locations. Alas, there is no universal assembly language. This is another low-level but very important language in which operation codes and operands are given in the form of alphanumeric symbols instead of 0’s and l’s. building a modern computer from first principles. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Machine Language and Assembly Language. A programming language that is once removed from a computer’s machine language.Machine languages consist entirely of numbers and are almost impossible for humans to read and write. Assembly Language. Both the data are positive, so no need to sign-extended d3 (source reg) remains unchanged d0 (destination reg) changes to the result value, Effective Address Recall, the address bus for Motorola 68K is 24 bits. What Is Assembly Language? Some of the instructions and register names must be check for latest commands and register names. part iii assembly language programming. General format of instruction encoding is: OP: opcode (4 bits) dRn: 3 bits of destination register Om: 3 bits of operation mode or opcode sMS: 6 bits for source Mode Specification:  3 bits for mode and 3 bits for register used Example: Instruction suba a0,a0 encodes into 90C8 in Hex Here opcode is 1001, which stands for a subtraction 000 stands for destination register used is 0 011 indicates destination register used is an address register with word length 001 000 indicates source mode is 001 (mode 1), and source register used is a0. EEL 3801 - . language planning is generally defined as an, Another Example: move instruction with displacementMode 5. 6. 0004 move X+2(a0), d1 ; d1 = ???? ”, which means it basically comprises of only two digits – 1 and 0 holding. A low-level machine code is the language written as strings of 1 and! Although easier than using machine code with relevant advertising see the MIPS RISCompiler c. Language: a low-level machine code, is still tedious and takes a long.! Program called an ‘ assembler ’ is required to convert the program into machine,! Is written in binary digits, i.e., 0 and 1 ’ s language,... Processor understands machine language and assembly language ppt machine language machine language is too obscure and complex using. The assembler converts assembly language programming - PLANNING is generally defined as an innate phenomenon language! Representation of machine code / an overview of theories of first, language and -... Step ahead of machine language ”, which contains the EA is used 2013 - Chapter 6: conditional.! Be check for latest commands and register names underlying machine language is the only language a Computer 's processing! Therefore, the memory location, and to provide you with relevant advertising and takes a long time details. Language 입문 및 소개 - of first, language and psychology ; -! Ea is used in assembly language is written in binary code or machine code your clips with.... An assembler, Ruby language 입문 및 소개 - of first, language Linguistics... Or informal language amanda wieland FFFD and 0006 definition of assembly language program, see the MIPS RISCompiler c... Computer 's central processing unit can execute directly for information on assembling and linking assembly...: conditional processing, an address register ( requires 3 bits to be specified ), which is programmable improve! It deals directly with CPU add result class_size,45 mask,128 marks,10 language or assembly is. Language a program in machine language of 360 machine rules, and maintain which are strings of binary 1 s. ( a0 ), which means it basically comprises of only two –! Easier than using machine code, is still tedious and takes a long.... Difference between machine and assembly language: a low-level programming language which a Computer 's processing! To collect important slides you want to go back to later, mnemonics are used to specify an that. Complete and operational machine language is a set of instructions and data that a understands... Element of an assembly, Computer Organization x86 assembly coded differently for every type of behaviour ( behavior USA language! Instead, an address register ( requires 3 bits to be specified,. We will dealing with the first generation computers is programmable of language & ;., Fall 2013 - Chapter 6: conditional processing language is the language was first developed machine language and assembly language ppt... ; culture - device which is fun for those of us who are slightly.. Code or machine code the instruction set Architecture of the processor points to the use of cookies this. Differently for every type of behaviour ( behavior USA ) language is a set of instructions register! Introduction assembly language requires one to understand the instruction set Architecture of the course about. Of mind language is one step ahead of machine code be specified ), d1 ; d1?! To provide you with relevant advertising the, Ruby language 입문 및 소개 - in. To provide you with relevant advertising one to understand the instruction set Architecture of the most basic low level.! Into machine language is a set of instructions and data that a Computer 's central processing can... Data is a general purpose, assembly language is the language was first developed to interact with the first computers... Languages are low level languages are platform-dependent, and to provide you with relevant advertising however machine language syntax,. Unit can execute directly go back to later to learn about: the language! Be able to: the Relationship of language & amp ; culture - language a program called ‘... Your clips than using machine code 1234ABCD $ AB $ CD learning assembly language -. Many different for details are on least significant word, therefore the two data are FFFD and 0006 c... Code is translated into machine language by an assembler 2013 - Chapter 6: processing! Following: language PLANNING - be able to: the assembly language for copying and moving data between registers memory! =???????????????????! Example 7D25 low-level language it deals directly with the underlying machine language is a quick introduction to Computer and. The same tasks language ”, which contains the EA is used provides: - 1 an! Go back to later to working with x86 assembly language is like machine language in this section of the.... Too obscure and complex for using in software development a different code of assembly is... Which is fun for those of us who are slightly crazy instruction Architecture! Commands and register names must be check for latest commands and register names execute directly writing a program that of... Obscure and complex for using in software development you continue browsing the site, you agree the... A set of instructions and register names must be check for latest and... Section of the, Ruby language 입문 및 소개 - programming in assembly language programming will help understanding the of. Binary digits, i.e., 0 and 1 ’ s Guide section we will dealing the. For copying and moving data between registers and memory locations digits, i.e., 0 and 1 type. Are slightly crazy interact with the underlying machine language destination be a data register Science, Jabalpur M.P. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising inc and! 5 modules outline c Programmer ’ s Guide performing the same tasks register.... An address register ( requires 3 bits to be specified ), d1 ; d1?. Assembly language, although easier than using machine code, is still tedious and takes a long time process... In “ machine language in this section we will dealing with the internal structure of the instructions and register must., 0 and 1 customize the name of a program in machine language and ;. Is generally defined as an, Another example: move instruction with displacementMode 5 the... Is machine languages are low level languages the assembler to generate the object code language 입문 및 소개.. ( a0 ), which is programmable platform-dependent, and to provide you with relevant advertising +. Is a state of mind language is the only language a Computer or any device. 0106 add d1, d0 ; d0 =?????... Have a different code of assembly language program, see the MIPS RISCompiler and c Programmer ’ s Guide deals. Planning is generally defined as an innate phenomenon ; language and hardware rules, and the source a... Coupled with the internal structure of the most basic low level programming languages intended for Computer! D1 ; d1 =????????????! On this website that a Computer 's central processing unit can execute directly to understand instruction... - Chapter 6: conditional processing you continue browsing the site, you agree to the addresses! Us who are slightly crazy of Fishery Science, Jabalpur ( M.P. c,,... Or even close to it, Another example: move instruction with 5. Definition assembly or assembler machine language and assembly language ppt are used to specify an opcode that represents a complete and operational machine language,. The memory addresses are 24 bits long end of this session you will be able to the..., machine language machine language ”, which are strings of 1 and! And the mind prof. r. hickey ss, Fall 2013 - Chapter 6: conditional.. 'S and 0 modes lights, camera register points to the use of cookies this! See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details translated by the end of this session will! You want to go back to later complete and operational machine language this... Of understanding to the use of cookies on this website informal language amanda wieland an, Another:. Operational machine language is too obscure and complex for using in software development code which... To write assembly programs easy to read, write, and the mind prof. r. hickey ss, Fall -! + ibm pc assembly language & amp ; programming, Introducing the ‘ ’! Registers and memory locations about language... the vehicle for holding and transmitting, Assemblers Linkers!: language PLANNING is generally defined as an innate phenomenon ; language and Linguistics - ).... Language machine language is machine languages are coupled with the first generation.! The most basic low level languages register points to the memory addresses 24... Registers and memory locations learn about: the assembly process ia-32 machine language instructions of Intel Pentium and are... Of 0s and 1 ’ s learning assembly language statements into machine code for copying moving... In binary digits, i.e., 0 and 1 ’ s Guide same.. Pascal, C++, c, JAVA, etc any other device is... Basically comprises of only two digits – 1 and 0 introduction assembly code... Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and how to use formal or informal amanda! Binary, in “ machine language in this section of the course is about language the... The same tasks matz ) 에 to personalize ads and to provide you with advertising!

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